The Basins:

• Amazon
• Southeast Asia
• Puget Sound

Links:

• CENA/USP
• SEA START
• UW Oceanography

River Story References:

Abril, G., M. Nogueira, H. Etcheber, G. Cabecadas, E. Lemaire, and M. J. Brogueira. 2002. Behaviour of organic carbon in nine contrasting European estuaries.  Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science,54, 241.

Aitkenhead, J.A. and W. McDowell. 2000. Soil C:N as a predictor of annual riverine DOC flux at local and global scales. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14: 127-138.

Aumont O., J.C. Orr, P. Monfray, W. Ludwig, P. Amiotte-Suchet and J.-L. Probst, 2001. Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon , Global Biogeochem. Cycles 15: 393-406.

Bishop, A.N., A.T. Kearsley, and R.L. Patience.  1992.  Analysis of sedimentary organic materials by scanning electron microscopy: the application of backscattered electron imagery and light element X-ray microanalysis.  Org. Geochem. 18: 431-446.

Chen, A. (in press) Exchanges of carbon in coastal seas. This volume.

Clair, T.A., J.M. Ehrman, and K. Higuichi. 1999. Changes in freshwater carbon exports from Canadian terrestrial basins to lakes and estuaries under a 2xCO₂ atmosphere scenario. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 13: 1091-1097.

Cole, J. J. and N. F. Caraco. 2001. Carbon in catchments: connecting terrestrial carbon losses with aquatic metabolism. Mar. Freshwater Res. 52(1) 101-110.

Degens, E.T., S. Kempe, and J.E. Richey.  1991.  Biogeochemistry of Major World Rivers.  John Wiley and 

Degens, E. T. 1982: Riverine carbon - an overview.- In "Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers", Pt 1 (ed. E. T. Degens), SCOPE/UNEP Sonderbd, Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 52, 1-12.

Dunne, T., L. A. K. Mertes, R. H. Meade, J. E. Richey, and B.R. Forsberg. 1998. Exchanges of sediment between the flood plain and channel of the Amazon River in Brazil. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 110(4): 450-467.

Gao, Q., Z. Tao, C. Shen, Y. Sun, W. Yi, and C. Xing. 2002. Riverine organic carbon in the Xijiang River (South China): seasonal variation in content and flux budget. Environmental Geology 41: 826.

Hedges, J. I., J. R. Ertel, P. D. Quay, P. M. Grootes, J.E. Richey, a.H. Devol, G.W. Farwell, F.W. Schmitt and E. Salati. 1986. Organic carbon-14 in the Amazon River system. Science 231: 1129-1131

 Hedges, J.I., P.G. Hatcher, J.R. Ertel, and K.J. Meyers-Schulte. 1992. A comparison of dissolved humic substances from seawater with Amazon River counterparts by ¹³C-NMR spectrometry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 56: 1753-1757.

Hedges, J.I., G.L. Cowie, J.E. Richey, P.D. Quay, R. Benner, and M. Strom. 1994. Origins and processing of organic matter in the Amazon River as indicated by carbohydrates and amino acids. Limnol. Oceangr. 39(4): 743-761.

Hedges, J.I., R.G. Keil and R. Benner (1997) What happens to land-derived organic matter in the ocean? Organic Geochemistry 27: 195-212.

Hedges J. I. and R. G. Keil. 1995. Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis. Marine Chemistry 49: 81-115.

Ittekkot, V., and Laane, R.W.P.M., 1991, Fate of riverine particulate organic matter, in Degens, E.T., Kempe, S., ad Richey, J.E., eds., Biogeochemistry of Major World Rivers: New York, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., p. 233-243.

Ittekkot, V. & B. Haake. 1990. The terrestrial link in the removal of organic carbon in the sea. In: Ittekkot, V., Kempe, S., Michaelis, W. & Spitzy, A. (eds.) "Facets of Modern Biogeochemistry". Springer: 318-325.

Ittekkot V.1988. Global trends in the nature of organic matter in river suspensions. Nature 332:436-438.

Jones, J.B, and P.J. Mulholland. 1998. Carbon dioxide variation in a hardwood forest stream: an integrative measure of whole catchment soil respiration, Ecosystems 1, 183–196,.

Jones, J.B., E.H. Stanley, and P.J. Mulholland. (in press).  Long-term decline in carbon dioxide supersaturation in rivers across the contiguous United States. Geophysical Research Letters. 

Kao, S.J. and K.-K. Liu. 2002. Exacerbation of erosion induced by human perturbation in a typical Oceania watershed: Insight from 45 years of hydrological records from the Lanyang-Hsi River, northeastern Taiwan. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16: 1-7.

Keil, R.G., D. B. Montluçon, F. G. Prahl, and J. I. Hedges.  1994.  Sorptive preservation of labile organic matter in marine sediments.  Nature 370: 549-552.

Keil, R. G., L. M. Mayer, P. D. Quay, J. E. Richey, and J. I. Hedges. 1997. Losses of organic matter from riverine particles in deltas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac. 61(7): 1507-1511.

Kempe, S., 1982. Long-term records of CO pressure fluctuations  in fresh water. In: Degens, E.T. Ed. , Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers, Part 1, Vol. 52. Mitt. Geol-Palaont. Inst., Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg, pp. 91–332. 

Ludwig, W., J. L. Probst and S. Kempe.  1996.  Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion.  Glob. Biogochem. Cycles 10(1):  23-41.

Ludwig, W. 2001. The age of river carbon. Nature 409: 466-467.

Mayer, L. M. 1994 Adsorptive control of organic carbon accumulation in continental shelf sediments.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.  58:1271-1284

Meade, R. H., T. R. Yuzyk, and T. J. Day. 1990. Movement and storage of sediment in rivers of the United States and Canada. Pp. 255-280 in M.G. Wolman (ed.) In Surface Water Hydrology, Geol. Of N. Am Geol. Soc. Of America, Boulder, Co.  

Meybeck, M.  1982.  Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transport by world rivers.  Am. J. Sci. 282:401-425.

Meybeck, M.  1991.  C, N, P, and S in rivers: from soures to global inputs.  In: Interactions of C, N, P and S, Biogeochemical cycles.  Ed. R. Wollast, F.T. MacKenzie and L. Chou. Berlin, Springer Verlag.

Milliman, J. D. and J. P. M. Syvitski.  1992.  Geomorphic tectonic control os sediment discharge to the ocean – the importance of small mountainous rivers.  J.  Geol. 100(5):  525-544. 

Milliman, J.D., K.L. Farnswortha, C.S. Albertin. 1999. Flux and fate of fluvial sediments leaving large islands in the East Indies. Journal of Sea Research 41:97–107

Likens, G., F. Mackenzie, J. Richey, J. Sedell, and K. Turekian. 1981. (eds_. Flux of Organic Carbon by Rivers to the Oceans. National Research Council/DOE Conf-8009140.  

Raymond, P. A., and J. E. Bauer. 2001. Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 409: 497-500.

Raymond, P.A. and J.J. Cole. 2003.  Increase in the export of alkalinity from North America’s largest river. Science 301: 88-91.

Richey, J. E., J. I. Hedges, A. H. Devol, P. D. Quay, R. Victoria, L. Martinelli, and B. R. Forsberg. 1990. Biogeochemistry of carbon in the Amazon River. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 352-371.

Richey, J. E., J. M. Melack, A. A. K. Aufdenkampe, V. M. Ballester, and L. Hess. 2002. Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO₂. Nature 416: 617-620.

Richey, J.E. 2004. Pathways of Atmospheric CO₂ through Fluvial Systems. Pp. 329-340. In (C. Fields, ed.). Toward CO₂ Stabilization: Issues, Strategies, and Consequences, A SCOPE/GCP Rapid Assessment Project. Island Press. 526p.

Richey, J.E. 2004. Emission of CO₂ from Riverine Systems. Pp. 172-173. In Will Steffan (ed).  Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet under Pressure. Springer-Verlag. 336p.

Sarmiento, J. L and E. T. Sundquist.  1992. Revised budget for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon-dioxide.  Nature 356 (6370): 589-593.

Schlesinger, W. H., and J. M.  Melack, 1981.  Transport of organic carbon in the worlds rivers.  Tellus 33:172-187

Smith, S.V., W. H. Renwick, R. W. Buddemeier, and C. J. Crossland. 2001. Budgets of Soil Erosion and Deposition for Sediments and Sedimentary Organic Carbon Across the Conterminous United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15(3): 697-707

Stallard, R. F. 1998. Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: coupling waerthering and erosion to carbon burial. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 12: 231-257.

Telmer, K. and J. Veizer. 1999. Carbon fluxes, pCO₂ and substrate weathering in a large northern river basin, Canada: carbon isotope perspectives. Chemical Geology 159 1999 61–86

Ver, L. M., F. T. Mackenzie and A. Lerman, 1999. Biogeochemical responses of the carbon cycle to natural and human perturbations: past, present and future. Am.  J. Science 299: 762-801.

Vörösmarty, C. J., K. Sharma, B. Fekete, A. H. Copeland, J. Holden, J. Marble, and J.A. Lough. 1997. The storage and aging of continental runoff in large reservoir systems of the world. Ambio, 26: 210-19.

Vörösmarty, C.J., M.Meybeck, B. Fekete, K. Sharma, P. Green, and J. Syvitski. (in press) Anthropogenic Sediment Retention: Major Global Impact from Registered River Impoundments. Global and Planetary Change

World Commission on Dams. 2000. Dams And Development: A New Framework For Decision-Making  Earthscan Publications Ltd, London And Sterling, Va. 356.P.